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Ingredients

Understanding botanical ingredients

The pillar guide to plant ingredients in body care: what an extract is, and how to make sense of an INCI list.

CANNAEAST Editorial · Published 24 January 2026 · Updated 24 January 2026 · 6 min read

Understanding botanical ingredients

Short answer

A botanical ingredient is a defined plant material — an oil, a butter or an extract — identified on the label by its INCI name, the plant part used and often the extraction method.

Three kinds of plant ingredient

Almost every botanical on a cosmetic label falls into one of three groups, and knowing which is which makes a list far easier to read.

  • Carrier oils and butters — the base of the product, usually listed first.
  • Extracts — concentrated plant material, usually present in smaller amounts.
  • Essential oils — volatile aromatic fractions, listed with their allergen components.

Why INCI names look like Latin

INCI is the international naming system for cosmetic ingredients. It uses Latin botanical names so that the same ingredient reads identically on a pack in any country.

The name usually tells you the plant, the part used and sometimes the method: Symphytum Officinale Root Extract is comfrey root, extracted.

Order matters

Ingredients are listed in descending order of concentration down to one percent, after which order is free. That is why an ingredient named on the front of the pack can appear well down the list.

Frequently asked questions

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Related ingredients

Comfrey

Comfrey

Symphytum officinale

A traditional European garden herb whose root and leaf have a long history of use in topical preparations.

Arnica

Arnica

Arnica montana

A yellow-flowered mountain plant of central and southern Europe, used as a flower extract in topical preparations.

Botanical Extracts

Botanical Extracts

Concentrated plant materials obtained by pressing, soaking or distilling parts of a plant.

Natural Oils

Natural Oils

Carrier oils and butters that make up the base of most balms, creams and body oils.

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